标题：Design optimization of multi-objective proportional–integral–derivative controllers for enhanced handling quality of a twin-engine, propeller-driven airplane
摘要：Herein, the design optimization of multi-objective controllers for the lateral–directional motion using proportion-
al–integral–derivative controllers for a twin-engine, propeller-driven airplane is presented. The design optimization
has been accomplished using the genetic algorithm and the main goal was to enhance the handling quality of the
aircraft. The proportional–integral–derivative controllers have been designed such that not only the stability of the
lateral–directional motion was satisfied but also the optimum result in longitudinal trim condition was achieved
through genetic algorithm. Using genetic algorithm optimization, the handling quality was improved and placed in
level 1 from level 2 for the proposed aircraft. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis to different velocities, altitudes
and centre of mass positions is presented. Also, the performance of the genetic algorithm has been compared to
the case where the particle swarm optimization tool is implemented. In this work, the aerodynamic coefficients as
well as the stability and control derivatives were predicted using analytical and semi-empirical methods validated
for this type of aircraft.
