期刊名称：Journal of FisheriesSciences.com / Su ÜrünleriBilimeri.com
印刷版ISSN：1307-234X
出版年度：2017
卷号：11
期号：4
页码：1-3
DOI：10.21767/1307-234X.1000134
语种：English
出版社：Istanbul University
摘要：Aquaculture industry is among the fastest-growing animal food-producing sectors in the world. In 2014, fish harvested from aquaculture amounted to 73.8 million tonnes, with an estimated first-sale value of US$160.2 billion (FAO, 2016). Maximize production should be followed by sustainable management of the aquatic environment and more environmentally friendly practices. A common issue with the conventional nylon (or other polymer) mesh nets of the fish cages is the attachment of algae (biofouling) a short time after the installation of the fish cages. The aquaculture plastic nets are susceptible to the development of biofouling (Greene and Grizzle, 2007). The biofouling development on the nets reduced the water flow inside the fish cages (Bakus et al., 1986; Fredriksson et al., 2003; Braithwaite and McEvoy, 2005; Lader et al., 2008; de Nys and Guenther, 2009). Fish farmers must change polymer nets frequently, clean them in situ, or use antifouling coatings. These actions increase significantly the operating costs of fish farming (Solberg et al., 2002; Braithwaite et al., 2007). The active ingredients of the antifouling coating are, among else, copper oxide, cadmium and zinc (Solberg et al., 2002; Braithwaite et al., 2007). These chemicals are discarded over time (10-12 months) into the water producing that way toxic effects in the water column and in the sediment under the cages, where the chemicals elements tend to accumulate. The maintenance of conventional nets with copper based anti-fouling paints may result in unpredictable incidents of significant copper release (Kalantzi et al., 2016). Concern about the effect of copper in the marine environment (water column and sediment) near fish farms is primarily based on the use of antifouling coatings and their effect on the benthic environment. The use of solid copper mesh avoids this issue because the cupric ions are dispersed rapidly in seawater and do not reach the benthic environment in a bioavailable form (Dwyer and Stillman, 2009). Ayer et al. (2016) suggest that use of copper alloy mesh systems could result in significant reductions in metal emissions to water. According to Yigit et al. (2016) trace metals in fish grown in copper alloy mesh cage were below the upper limits for human consumption, supporting the use of copper alloy mesh nets in cage farming.
