摘要：Process-based vegetation models are widely used to predict local and globalecosystem dynamics and climate change impacts. Due to their complexity, theyrequire careful parameterization and evaluation to ensure that projectionsare accurate and reliable. The PROFOUND Database (PROFOUND DB) provides awide range of empirical data on European forests to calibrate and evaluatevegetation models that simulate climate impacts at the forest stand scale. Aparticular advantage of this database is its wide coverage of multiple datasources at different hierarchical and temporal scales, together withenvironmental driving data as well as the latest climate scenarios.Specifically, the PROFOUND DB provides general site descriptions, soil,climate, CO2, nitrogen deposition, tree and forest stand level, and remote sensing data for nine contrasting forest stands distributed acrossEurope. Moreover, for a subset of five sites, time series of carbon fluxes,atmospheric heat conduction and soil water are also available. The climateand nitrogen deposition data contain several datasets for the historicperiod and a wide range of future climate change scenarios following theRepresentative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5). Wealso provide pre-industrial climate simulations that allow for model runsaimed at disentangling the contribution of climate change to observed forestproductivity changes. The PROFOUND DB is available freely as a “SQLite”relational database or “ASCII” flat file version (at https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2020.006/; Reyer et al., 2020). The datapolicies of the individual contributing datasets are provided in themetadata of each data file. The PROFOUND DB can also be accessed via theProfoundData R package (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ProfoundData; SilveyraGonzalez et al., 2020), which provides basic functions to explore, plot andextract the data for model set-up, calibration and evaluation.
