标题：Long-term exposure to ambient source-specific particulate matter and its components and incidence of cardiovascular events – The Heinz Nixdorf Recall study
摘要：Highlights•Air pollution from traffic poses higher risk of stroke than from industrial sources.•No association found between exposure to air pollution and risk of CHD.•Among PM components NH4and SO4have higher effect on cardiovascular health.AbstractBackgroundFew studies have examined the risk of long-term exposure to source-specific airborne pollutants on incidence of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events.ObjectivesWe aimed to estimate the effect of long-term exposure to source-specific air pollution and particulate matter (PM) components on incidence of stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), and total cardiovascular events (CVE) in the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study (HNR).MethodsWe used baseline (2000–2003) and 14-year follow-up data of the HNR Study, an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study in Western Germany. Participants’ residential mean exposures to NO2and total and source-specific PM10, PM2.5, accumulation mode particle number concentration (PNAM), and PM components were modelled using a dispersion and chemical transport model. We used Cox regression to evaluate the effect of pollutants (per 1 μg/m3increase and per interquartile range – IQR) on risk of stroke and CHD, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors and nighttime traffic noise exposure.ResultsIn 4,105 included participants (aged 45–76 at baseline, 52.5% women), we observed 118 cases of first stroke and 373 cases of first CHD during 46,748 person-years under risk. The median survival time within the cohort was 13.3 years. No effect of exposure to ambient air pollution on risk of CHD was observed, but distinct effects were observed for stroke. Ambient traffic-specific PM showed a stronger effect on stroke than industry-specific PM: hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for total, traffic-specific, and industry-specific PM2.5were 1.16 (1.02–1.34), 2.53 (1.07–5.97), and 1.27 (1.03–1.56) per 1 μg/m3increase, respectively. PM components showed no substantially different effects from those of total PM per IQR, but higher associations were observed for NH4and SO4per 1 μg/m3. However, the exposure contrast of ammonium and sulfate components was very low.ConclusionTraffic-specific PM exhibited stronger effects than total and industry-specific PM on risk of stroke. Among components, NH4and SO4showed higher effects. No effect was observed for PM and CHD.
关键词：AbbreviationsAOCanthropogenic organic compounds;BMIbody mass index;CHDcoronary heart disease;CIconfidence interval;CVEcardiovascular events;ECelemental carbon;ESCAPEEuropean Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects;ETSenvironmental tobacco smoke;EURADEuropean Air Pollution Dispersion chemistry transport model;HEIHealth Effects Institute;HNRHeinz Nixdorf Recall study;HRhazard ratio;IQRinterquartile range;LURland-use regression;MGUSmonoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance;MInon-fatal myocardial infarction or cardiac death;OCorganic carbon;PMparticulate matter;PNAMaccumulation mode particle number concentration;SDstandard deviation;SESsocioeconomic status;WHOWorld Health Organization;Air pollution;Cardiovascular health;Stroke;Coronary heart disease;Particulate matter;Components;Pollution sources
