出版社：Thai Society of Higher Eduction Institutes on Environment
摘要：This paper provides a discussion of environmental issues associated with air pollution and countenneasures in developed countries, especially in Japan. In the air quality administration, there are environmental standards and emission standards. In Japan, environmental standards are considered administrative goals and there is no legal enforcement in itself. On the other hand, emissions standards are enforceable, penalties apply to people and companies that do not comply. There are two ways to manage the environment. One is a mandatory system and the other is self-management. If voluntary activities can realize a good environment, total cost including social expenses can be expected to be smaller than so called command-and-control system such as regulatory measures by the administration. In free markets where price competition is intense, there is a serious hurdle to voluntarily adopt such measures. However, it seems desirable to see the attitude of actively working as an industry.
关键词：Air quality; Air pollution; Regulation; Air quality management
