摘要：SummaryVisual systems of many animals, including the fruit flyDrosophila, represent the surrounding space as 2D maps, formed by populations of neurons. Advanced genetic tools make the fly visual system especially well accessible. However, in typicalin vivopreparations for two-photon calcium imaging, relatively few neurons can be recorded at the same time. Here, we present an extension to a conventional two-photon microscope, based on remote focusing, which enables real-time rotation of the imaging plane, and thus flexible alignment to cellular structures, without resolution or speed trade-off. We simultaneously record from over 100 neighboring cells spanning the 2D retinotopic map. We characterize its representation of moving natural images, which we find is comparable to noise predictions. Our method increases throughput 10-fold and allows us to visualize a significant fraction of the fly's visual field. Furthermore, our system can be applied in general for a more flexible investigation of neural circuits.Graphical AbstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•A remote-focusing two-photon module for real-time rotation of the imaging plane•Simultaneously recording >100 cells of the 2D retinotopic map inDrosophila•Calcium imaging of L2 and Mi1 shows their dynamic representation of natural images•Linear properties of L2 and Mi1 largely predict dynamic natural scene responsesOptical Imaging; Sensory Neuroscience; Methodology in Biological Sciences
