摘要：SummaryInsulin regulates glucose metabolism through thousands of regulatory mechanisms; however, which regulatory mechanisms are keys to control glucose metabolism remains unknown. Here, we performed kinetic trans-omic analysis by integrating isotope-tracing glucose flux and phosphoproteomic data from insulin-stimulated adipocytes and built a kinetic mathematical model to identify key allosteric regulatory and phosphorylation events for enzymes. We identified nine reactions regulated by allosteric effectors and one by enzyme phosphorylation and determined the regulatory mechanisms for three of these reactions. Insulin stimulated glycolysis by promoting Glut4 activity by enhancing phosphorylation of AS160 at S595, stimulated fatty acid synthesis by promoting Acly activity through allosteric activation by glucose 6-phosphate or fructose 6-phosphate, and stimulated glutamate synthesis by alleviating allosteric inhibition of Gls by glutamate. Most of glycolytic reactions were regulated by amounts of substrates and products. Thus, phosphorylation or allosteric modulator-based regulation of only a few key enzymes was sufficient to change insulin-induced metabolism.Graphical AbstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•We developed a kinetic trans-omic network of insulin-stimulated adipocyte metabolism•Flux changes over time through the glucose metabolism were quantitatively estimated•Nine fluxes were controlled by allosteric regulation and one by phosphorylation•Key regulators were phosphorylated AS160 and the allosteric regulators of Gls and AclyBiological Sciences; Mathematical Biosciences; Systems Biology; Proteomics; Metabolomics; Metabolic Flux Analyisis; Omics
