摘要：SummaryWhole-genome duplications (WGDs) of Schizothoracinae are believed to have played a significant role in speciation and environmental adaptation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Here, we present a genome forSchizothorax o'connori, a QTP endemic fish and showed the species as a young tetraploid with a recent WGD later than ∼1.23 mya. We exhibited that massive insertions between duplicated genomes caused by transposon bursts could induce mutagenesis in adjacent sequences and alter the expression of neighboring genes, representing an early re-diploidization process in a polyploid genome after WGD. Meanwhile, we found that many genes involved in DNA repair and folate transport/metabolism experienced natural selection and might contribute to the environmental adaptation of this species. Therefore, theS. o'connorigenome could serve as a young tetraploid model for investigations of early re-diploidization in polyploid genomes and offers an invaluable genetic resource for environmental adaptation studies of the endemic fish of the QTP.Graphical AbstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•Schizothorax o'connoriunderwent a recent WGD later than ∼1.23 mya•Transposon bursts prompted sequence divergence after duplication•Transposon can induce sequence mutagenesis and regulate gene expression•Many genes in DNA repair and folate transport/metabolism were naturally selectedBiological Sciences; Evolutionary Biology; Genomics; Transcriptomics
