摘要：SummaryInflammatory response heterogeneity has impeded high-resolution dissection of diverse immune cell populations during activation. We characterize mouse cutaneous immune cells by single-cell RNA sequencing, after inducing inflammation using imiquimod and oxazolone dermatitis models. We identify 13 CD45+subpopulations, which broadly represent most functionally characterized immune cell types. Oxazolone pervasively upregulatesJak2/Stat3expression across T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Oxazolone also inducesIl4/Il13expression in newly infiltrating basophils, andIl4raandCcl24,most prominently in APCs. In contrast, imiquimod broadly upregulatesIl17/Il22andCcl4/Ccl5. A comparative analysis of single-cell inflammatory transcriptional responses reveals that APC response to oxazolone is tightly restricted by cell identity, whereas imiquimod enforces shared programs on multiple APC populations in parallel. These global molecular patterns not only contrast immune responses on a systems level but also suggest that the mechanisms of new sources of inflammation can eventually be deduced by comparison to known signatures.Graphical AbstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•Oxazolone pervasively upregulatesJak2/Stat3expression across T cells and APCs•Il4/Il13induction in skin by oxazolone is dominated by infiltrating basophils•Imiquimod broadly increasesIl17/Il22andCcl4/Ccl5, extending to non-T cells•Oxazolone induces more highly compartmentalized immune cell responses than imiquimodImmunology; Systems Biology
