摘要：Land and Water are the two important natural resources as the entire life system is depend on it. Hence effective management of it is essential for optimum utilization. The hydrological modelling is effective tool for management of land and water resources as well as hydrologic behaviour of watershed. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a physical based distributed parameter model having capability of prediction of runoff, erosion, sediment and nutrient transport from agricultural watersheds under different management scenario in conjunction of Arc GIS. The present study was undertaken for upper Godavari sub basin using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model, which has the capability to integrate GIS databases for estimation of runoff. In the catchment area has been delineated using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The Land Use Land Cover (LULC) map was prepared using IRS-P6 LISS-III image. The Slope maps also prepared using DEM. The hydro meteorological data from 1994 to 2014 was used for modelling. The upper sub basin was delineated into 2468 sub basin by taking flow accumulation threshold of 500 ha. It further sub divided into 10,594 HRUs. Each HRU was evaluated by multiple hydrologic response unit option by considering land used cover area of each sub catchments 20 per cent and soil class as 20 per cent and slope parameter 20 per cent. Using hydro-meteorological data runoff was simulated using SWAT model. The coefficient of determination for calibration period was 0.81 and for calibration period was 0.84 for upper Godavari basin. The results showed that model performance for simulating runoff during calibration and validation period was satisfactory for upper Godavari basin in Maharashtra. The results shows that properly validated SWAT model can be used effectively in testing management scenarios in watersheds. The SWAT model with GIS environment show very effective tool for hydrological modelling.
