期刊名称：Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering
印刷版ISSN：1792-9040
出版年度：2020
卷号：11
期号：2
页码：1-39
DOI：10.47260/jesge/1124
语种：English
出版社：Scienpress Ltd
摘要：Insufficiency of water resources in the Middle East Region represents vital factorsthat influence the stability of the region and its progress. Expectations indicate thatthe condition will be dimmer and more complicated, especially in Iraqi territory.Iraq, which is situated in the Middle East, it covers an area of 433,970 squarekilometers and populated by about 32 million inhabitants. Iraq greatly relies in itswater resources on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers as a surface water resources,and several productive groundwater aquifers in which from the hydrogeologicalpoint of view divided into several major aquifer units including Foothill, Al-Jazira,Aquifer System, Mandali-Badra-Teeb, Mesopotamian and Desert Aquifer system.Recently, Iraq is suffering from water shortage problems. This is due to externaland internal factors affecting the water quality of water resources; they arecontrolled and uncontrolled factors. The uncontrolled factors are climate changeand its consequences, such as reduction of precipitation and temperature increasing.The controlled factors have a significantly negative influence on water resources,but their effects involve more specific regions. The controlled factors are mainlyrepresented by building dams and irrigation projects within the upper parts of theTigris and Euphrates catchments, Al-Tharthar Scheme, waste water, solid wastesand wastes from wars, which has a significant effect on surface water in Iraqbecause about 80% of the water supply to Euphrates and Tigris Rivers come fromTurkey.
关键词：Pollution; Water Quality; Waste; Surface water; Groundwater; Iraq
