摘要：SummaryElectroactive microbes is the driving force for the bioelectrochemical degradation of organic pollutants, but the underlying microbial interactions between electrogenesis and pollutant degradation have not been clearly identified. Here, we combined stable isotope-assisted metabolomics (SIAM) and13C-DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) to investigate bisphenol S (BPS) enhanced degradation by electroactive mixed-culture biofilms (EABs). Using SIAM, six13C fully labeled transformation products were detected originating via hydrolysis, oxidation, alkylation, or aromatic ring-cleavage reactions from13C-BPS, suggesting hydrolysis and oxidation as the initial and key degradation pathways for the electrochemical degradation process. The DNA-SIP results further displayed high13C-DNA accumulation in the generaBacteroidesandCetobacteriumfrom the EABs and indicated their ability in the assimilation of BPS or its metabolites. Collectively, network analysis showed that the collaboration between electroactive microbes and BPS assimilators played pivotal roles the improvement in bioelectrochemically enhanced BPS degradation.Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•BPS can be effectively degraded by the electroactive biofilms in BES•DNA-SIP showedBacteroidesandCetobacteriumwere the dominant BPS assimilators•SIAM highlighted hydrolysis and oxidation as initial degradation pathways for BPS•The enhanced degradation is attributed to interactions between EAM and degradatorsBiochemistry applications; isotope; microbial metabolism; microbiofilms; pollution
