摘要：SummaryA virtual metabolic human model is a valuable complement to experimental biology and clinical studies, becausein vivoresearch involves serious ethical and technical problems. I have proposed a multi-organ and multi-scale kinetic model that formulates the reactions of enzymes and transporters with the regulation of hormonal actions at postprandial and postabsorptive states. The computational model consists of 202 ordinary differential equations for metabolites with 217 reaction rates and 1,140 kinetic parameter constants. It is the most comprehensive, largest, and highly predictive model of the whole-body metabolism. Use of the model revealed the mechanisms by which individual disorders, such as steatosis, β cell dysfunction, and insulin resistance, were combined to cause diabetes. The model predicted a glycerol kinase inhibitor to be an effective medicine for type 2 diabetes, which not only decreased hepatic triglyceride but also reduced plasma glucose. The model also enabled us to rationally design combination therapy.Graphical AbstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•A standard of virtual metabolic human dynamic models is proposed•It integrates the three scales of molecules, organs, and whole body•It gets insight into pathological mechanisms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes•It enables the computer-aided design of medication treatment for diabetesBiological Sciences; Endocrinology; Mathematical Biosciences; Metabolomics; Systems Biology
