摘要：AbstractPersistent faults are steady state anomalies with a magnitude which does not necessary trigger general protective gear. It is present in various types of distribution networks, as leak in pipe networks or as high-impedance fault in electric systems. As smart meters come into general use, distribution systems are upgraded to have advanced metering infrastructure which can be used for diagnostic purposes. Different kind of detection methods are presented in different physical domains therefore comparison is cumbersome. The main achievement of the presented work is the formulation of an abstract system description, in order to tackle problems from various domains on a common ground. The notions of the well established general network theory are being used as a solid foundation. In this framework a general extension of flow networks is presented for distribution systems with measurement data available. Detecting faults at metered points is tackled in the literature, this problem is translated into the proposed representation. On the other hand a novel problem is described, the fault at unknown location between two metered points. The applicability of the abstract description to specialized distribution systems is presented through a simple case study.
关键词：KeywordsDistribution networksSmart power applicationsSteady-state errorsLossesNetworks
