摘要：Proteus mirabilis is a common opportunistic pathogen causing severe illness in humans and animals. To determine the prevalence, antibiogram, biofilm-formation, screening of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes in
P. mirabilis isolates from ducks; 240 samples were obtained from apparently healthy and diseased ducks from private farms in Port-Said Province, Egypt. The collected samples were examined bacteriologically, and then the recovered isolates were tested for
atpD gene sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm-formation, PCR detection of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes. The prevalence of
P. mirabilis in the examined samples was 14.6% (35/240). The identification of the recovered isolates was confirmed by the
atpD gene sequencing, where the tested isolates shared a common ancestor. Besides, 94.3% of
P. mirabilis isolates were biofilm producers. The recovered isolates were resistant to penicillins, sulfonamides, β-Lactam-β-lactamase-inhibitor-combinations, tetracyclines, cephalosporins, macrolides, and quinolones. Using PCR, the retrieved strains harbored
atpD
, ureC
, rsbA
, and
zapA virulence genes with a prevalence of 100%, 100%, 94.3%, and 91.4%, respectively. Moreover, 31.4% (11/35) of the recovered strains were XDR to 8 antimicrobial classes that harbored
bla
TEM
, bla
OXA-1
, bla
CTX-M
, tetA
, and
sul1 genes. Besides, 22.8% (8/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 3 antimicrobial classes and possessed
bla
TEM
, tetA
, and
sul1genes. Furthermore, 17.1% (6/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 7 antimicrobial classes and harbored
bla
TEM
, bla
OXA-1
, bla
CTX-M
, tetA, and
sul1 genes. Alarmingly, three strains were carbapenem-resistant that exhibited PDR to all the tested 10 antimicrobial classes and shared
bla
TEM,
bla
OXA-1,
bla
CTX-M,
tetA, and
sul1 genes. Of them, two strains harbored the
bla
NDM-1 gene, and one strain carried the
bla
KPC gene
. In brief, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the emergence of XDR and MDR-
P.mirabilis in ducks. Norfloxacin exhibited promising antibacterial activity against the recovered XDR and MDR-
P. mirabilis. The emergence of PDR, XDR, and MDR-strains constitutes a threat alarm that indicates the complicated treatment of the infections caused by these superbugs.
