摘要：The intestinal commensal microbiota is essential for many host physiological processes and play a major role in the development of many diseases. A major risk factor for metabolic diseases is obesity and the associated metabolic disorders that are characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation [1,2]. This sub-clinical chronic inflammation, along with metabolic diseases contributes to the development of atherosclerosis [3]. This link between metabolic disorders and inflammation has led to an interest in understanding the effects of lipids on the immune system and the impact immune system dynamics has on lipid metabolism [2]. In white adipose tissue (WAT), several distinct inflammatory pathways act in a coordinated manner to secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as (interleukin) IL-6, IL-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), respectively. Additionally, WAT secretes adipokines and plays an important role in glucose tolerance and inflammatory responses [4]. In particular, inflamed adipose tissue produces adiponectin that has anti-inflammatory effects and decreases lipid accumulation.
关键词：TLR4; fatty acids; emulsions; A. muciniphila; intestinal barrier'
