摘要：Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is most frequently located in the supratentorial region of the brain. In this paper, we report the case of a 25-year-old man who presented with a heterogeneous tumor with exophytic features and located in the caudal fourth ventricle. The tumor was subtotally resected and the patient underwent radiotherapy at a dosage of 50 Gy and concurrent chemotherapy with temozolomide. Histopathological examination revealed the typical features of conventional GBM. The patient independently performed the activities of daily living for 11 months. However, after identifying a recurrence of the tumor in the dorsal medulla oblongata, the patient suddenly died at home 12 months after diagnosis, likely due to respiratory arrest. To the best of our knowledge, it is extremely rare for GBM to occur in the medulla oblongata and only eight cases have been described in detail. Patients with intrinsic GBM of the medulla oblongata died within three months. In contrast, patients with exophytic GBMs of the medulla oblongata survived for more than one year. Patients with GBMs that occurred in the medulla oblongata and exhibited exophytic growth patterns had a better prognosis than patients with intrinsic GBMs because the tumors could be more radically and safely resected.
