期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2021
卷号：118
期号：21
DOI：10.1073/pnas.2024446118
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：Significance
Employing an intergenerational model of diet restriction (DR) that reduces weight gain, we identify differences in carbohydrate metabolic enzyme gene content of DR versus full-fed (FF) pig gut microbiomes as animals experienced a phased-feeding program administered to farm-raised pigs during their growth cycle. Gnotobiotic mice harboring DR or FF pig microbiomes and fed a corn/soy-dominated pig diet disclosed that the DR microbiome has reduced capacity to produce butyrate, a key diet-derived energy source, and alters hepatic energy metabolism. Combining studies of farm animal microbiome development with functional assays of their microbiomes in gnotobiotic mice should help generate husbandry recommendations for promoting healthy growth of animals during this time of increasing food insecurity and mandates to eliminate subtherapeutic antibiotics for growth-promotion.
The concept that gut microbiome-expressed functions regulate ponderal growth has important implications for infant and child health, as well as animal health. Using an intergenerational pig model of diet restriction (DR) that produces reduced weight gain, we developed a feature-selection algorithm to identify representative characteristics distinguishing DR fecal microbiomes from those of full-fed (FF) pigs as both groups consumed a common sequence of diets during their growth cycle. Gnotobiotic mice were then colonized with DR and FF microbiomes and subjected to controlled feeding with a pig diet. DR microbiomes have reduced representation of genes that degrade dominant components of late growth-phase diets, exhibit reduced production of butyrate, a key host-accessible energy source, and are causally linked to reduced hepatic fatty acid metabolism (β-oxidation) and the selection of alternative energy substrates. The approach described could aid in the development of guidelines for microbiome stewardship in diverse species, including farm animals, in order to support their healthy growth.
关键词：engut microbiome;malnutrition;carbohydrate-active enzymes;metabolic regulation;feature selection/information theory
