摘要：Little is known about the early-life cardiovascular health impacts of fine particulate air pollution (PM
2.5) and oxidant gases. A repeated-measures panel study was used to evaluate associations between outdoor PM
2.5 and the combined oxidant capacity of O
3 and NO
2 (using a redox-weighted average, O
x) and retinal vessel diameter and blood pressure in children living in a region impacted by residential biomass burning. A median of 6 retinal vessel and blood pressure measurements were collected from 64 children (ages 4–12 years), for a total of 344 retinal measurements and 432 blood pressure measurements. Linear mixed-effect models were used to estimate associations between PM
2.5 or O
x (same-day, 3-day, 7-day, and 21-day means) and retinal vessel diameter and blood pressure. Interactions between PM
2.5 and O
x were also examined. O
x was inversely associated with retinal arteriolar diameter; the strongest association was observed for 7-day mean exposures, where each 10 ppb increase in O
x was associated with a 2.63 μm (95% CI − 4.63, − 0.63) decrease in arteriolar diameter. Moreover, O
x modified associations between PM
2.5 and arteriolar diameter, with weak inverse associations observed between PM
2.5 and arteriolar diameter only at higher concentrations of O
x. Our results suggest that outdoor air pollution impacts the retinal microvasculature of children and interactions between PM
2.5 and O
x may play an important role in determining the magnitude and direction of these associations.
