标题：Molecular identification and antibiotic resistance pattern of actinomycetes isolates among immunocompromised patients in Iran, emerging of new infections
摘要：Recent advancements in DNA-based approaches have led to the identification of uncommon and rare bacterial pathogens. In this study, by utilizing a DNA-based approach, a total of 1043 clinical specimens were processed for the identification of actinobacteria targeting the 16S rRNA and
gyrB genes. Drug susceptibility testing was also conducted using micro-broth dilution and PCR. Two isolates of
Nocardia flavorosea and
Rhodococcus erythropolis were reported for the first time in Iran. Also,
Nocardiopsis dassonvillei,
Streptomyces olivaceus, and
Streptomyces griseus were reported for the first time in Asia. Infections caused by
Nocardia caishijiensis and
Prauserella muralis have also been reported in this study. The first Asian case of pulmonary infection caused by
Nocardia ignorata and the first global case of brain abscess caused by
Nocardia ninae and
Nocardia neocaledoniensis have been reported in this study. Overall 30 isolates belonging to 6 genera (
Nocardia,
Streptomyces,
Rodoccoccus,
Nocardiopsis,
Rothia, and
Prauserella) were detected in 30 patients. All 30 isolates were susceptible to amikacin and linezolid. Three isolates including
Nocardia otitidiscaviarum (n = 2) and
Nocardia flavorosea (n = 1) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole which were the first trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistant clinical actinomycetes in Iran. Isolation of rare species of actinomycetes particularly
Nocardia spp. requires urgent action before they spread clinically particularly among immunocompromised patients.
