期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2015
卷号：112
期号：12
页码：3663-3668
DOI：10.1073/pnas.1316781112
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：SignificanceThe recent sharp drop in the cost of photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation accompanied by globally rapidly increasing investment in PV plants calls for new planning and management tools for large-scale distributed solar networks. We found that pairs of electricity generation capacity G and storage S, such that S is minimal to provide a given dispatchable electricity capacity for a given G, exhibit a smooth relationship of mutual substitutability between G and S. These G-S isolines support the solution of several tasks. This includes optimizing the size of G and S for dispatchable electricity, optimizing connections between solar parks across time zones for minimizing intermittency, and management of storage in situations of far below average insolation. The recent sharp drop in the cost of photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation accompanied by globally rapidly increasing investment in PV plants calls for new planning and management tools for large-scale distributed solar networks. Of major importance are methods to overcome intermittency of solar electricity, i.e., to provide dispatchable electricity at minimal costs. We find that pairs of electricity generation capacity G and storage S that give dispatchable electricity and are minimal with respect to S for a given G exhibit a smooth relationship of mutual substitutability between G and S. These isolines between G and S support the solving of several tasks, including the optimal sizing of generation capacity and storage, optimal siting of solar parks, optimal connections of solar parks across time zones for minimizing intermittency, and management of storage in situations of far below average insolation to provide dispatchable electricity. G-S isolines allow determining the cost-optimal pair (G,S) as a function of the cost ratio of G and S. G-S isolines provide a method for evaluating the effect of geographic spread and time zone coverage on costs of solar electricity.
关键词：large-scale solar network ; photovoltaics ; US super grid ; solar intermittency ; dispatchable solar electricity
