摘要：SummaryOwing to its versatility, biomass can be used for a range of CO2mitigation and removal options. The recent adoption of end-of-century temperature targets at the global scale, along with mid-century economy-wide net zero emission targets in Europe, has boosted demand forecasts for this valuable resource. Given the limited nature of sustainable biomass supply, it is important to understand most efficient uses of biomass, both in terms of avoided CO2emissions (i.e., substituted energy and economic services) and CO2removal. Here, we quantify the mitigation and removal potential of key bio-based CO2removal pathways for the transport, power, construction, and iron and steel sectors in Europe. By combining the carbon balance of these pathways with their economics, the optimal use of biomass in terms of CO2avoidance and removal costs is quantified, and how these evolve with the decarbonization of the European energy system is discussed.Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•Comparative assessment of the removal and avoidance value of bio-based pathways•Biomass use for timber shows the highest CO2removal potential•Pyrolytic processes avoid 50% less emissions than BECCS to power routes•The mitigation value of these pathways depends on the counterfactual scenarioEnergy resources; Energy policy; Energy sustainability; Energy systems; Energy flexibility
