摘要：Quantifying the impact of green spaces and water bodies on urban climate and land surface temperature (Mila, Algeria). In urban areas, green spaces and water bodies have a positive effect on the urban climate and microclimate. Green spaces help regulate urban climate and reduce the urban heat island (UHI) by creating a cooling effect. Additionally, water bodies such as rivers, streams and lakes play an important role in creating urban cool islands (UCI). They are relatively more efficient than green spaces due to the high rate of evapotranspiration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the green cover and water bodies on the urban climate to mitigate the urban heat island. It analyzes their effects on land surface temperature (LST) due to the change of green cover and characteristics of water bodies as well. The study area is the region of Mila; seven urban areas surrounding the Beni Haroune dam’s reservoir were chosen to constitute the case study. To achieve this aim, the green cool island of vegetation (GCI) which is the temperature difference in LST between green spaces and their environment was analyzed by estimating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) before and after the appearance of this reservoir. The urban cool island effect of the water body (UCI) was analyzed by applying UCI indices such as UCI scale, temperature difference, and UCI intensity. The results show a negative relationship between vegetation index and temperature on the one hand, and water index and temperature on the other hand, as well as an increase in green cover after the appearance of this water body due to the increase in annual precipitation. Results also show that forests and dense vegetation such as Zouagha, Grarem and Madyous have the most important cooling effect (GCI) especially in 2015 (Zouagha forest with 9.5°C, Grarem forest with 9.2°C and Madyous forest 7.7°C less than the temperature of the urban area). Furthermore, the larger water body is recorded in 2015 as having the highest value of urban cool island (0.0057 °C/m), so the larger water space is more useful in reducing the urban heat island. In addition to that, a more complex water space is found to be more efficient than a simple one.
关键词：Landsat TM/ETM+ /OLI;îlot de fraîcheur de l’espace vert;îlot de fraîcheur de l’eau;lac de la retenue du Barrage;la température de surface du sol
