摘要：This paper examines the cultural heritage of the end of the 19th - the beginning of the 20th century, which period is known for the crisis that struck all the spheres of life of the time – social and economic, political, philosophical, aesthetic. It is for this reason that the intellectuals of the time reflected on the crisis in their artistic, philosophical and spiritual search. In particular, this can be traced in the works of Russian and foreign modernists. In that period, the problem of creative cognition as a special ideology and a way to create life becomes of particular importance. The relevance of this work is defined by striving to outline certain approaches to solving this problem. The aim of this research is to identify the particularities of the subject-object relationship and how it forms in a literary work while enabling the author to build an adequate symbolist picture of the world, to transform and create it. The aspect examined by the authors of this article will help analyse the system of symbolism, just like any other theory, from the philosophical standpoint. One can use the results of this research when developing new programmes for basic and special courses in the history of 20th-century Russian literature and culture to be taught at university or at school.
