摘要：We demonstrate thermo-electrochemical (TEC) conversion using a biocompatible redox couple of lactic acid and pyruvic acid on earth-abundant TiO
2. The TEC cell exhibited a positive Seebeck coefficient of 1.40 mV K
−1. DFT calculations figured out that the adsorption of intermediate species and protons on TiO
2 controls both the redox reaction and current polarity.
