摘要：The purpose of this article is to further confirm the author’s concept of supporting industries from the socio-cultural characteristics of the country on the facts of the history of the Russian national economy and its use for the formation of proposals for the choice of technological priorities of Russia. X–Y-theory of S.G. Kirdina explains the formation of sectoral priorities under the influence of socio-cultural characteristics of the country by the preference of forms of production organization used in industries – collective and monopoly ones in societies of “Eastern” (X) type, which include Russia, private and competitive ones in societies of “Western” (Y) type. However, this mechanism does not explain many phenomena of industry dynamics in Russia. At the same time, socio-cultural features of the country are not taken into account when forming the priorities of its technological development. The article provides an additional confirmation of the author’s concept of supporting industries from the socio-cultural characteristics of the country, based on the preference by X-societies of industries producing products of collective use or destination, and by Y-societies – of industries producing products of individual use or destination. The paper shows that, based on the proposed concept of industry preferences, industries traditionally considered as unpromising for successful development in Russia (road and passenger aircrafts construction) in fact correspond to the industry socio-cultural preferences of the Russian people. The author proposes to include aircraft construction, shipbuilding, construction and education, mainly producing products for collective use and purpose, in the Russia’s priorities of technological development.
