摘要：Megadroughts are notable manifestations of the American Southwest, but not so much of the European climate. By using long-term hydrological and meteorological observations, as well as paleoclimate reconstructions, here we show that central Europe has experienced much longer and severe droughts during the Sprer Minimum (~AD 1400-1480) and Dalton Minimum (~AD 1770-1840), than the ones observed during the 21st century. These two megadroughts appear to be linked with a cold state of the North Atlantic Ocean and enhanced winter atmospheric blocking activity over the British Isles and western part of Europe, concurrent with reduced solar forcing and explosive volcanism. Moreover, we show that the recent drought events (e.g., 2003, 2015, and 2018), are within the range of natural variability and they are not unprecedented over the last millennium. Central Europe experienced long-lasting droughts during the Sprer and Dalton solar minima around AD 1450 and 1800 that were more severe and extensive than those observed in the 21st century, according to palaeoclimate reconstructions.
