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  • 标题:Southward decrease in the protection of persistent giant kelp forests in the northeast Pacific
  • 本地全文:下载
  • 作者:Nur Arafeh-Dalmau ; Kyle C. Cavanaugh ; Hugh P. Possingham
  • 期刊名称:Communications Earth & Environment
  • 电子版ISSN:2662-4435
  • 出版年度:2021
  • 卷号:2
  • 期号:1
  • 页码:1-7
  • DOI:10.1038/s43247-021-00177-9
  • 语种:English
  • 出版社:Nature Research
  • 摘要:Kelp forests are globally important and highly productive ecosystems, yet their persistence and protection in the face of climate change and human activity are poorly known. Here, we present a 35-year time series of high-resolution satellite imagery that maps the distribution and persistence of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forests along ten degrees of latitude in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. We find that although 7.7% of giant kelp is protected by marine reserves, when accounting for persistence only 4%of kelp is present and protected. Protection of giant kelp decreases southerly from 20.9% in Central California, USA, to less than 1% in Baja California, Mexico, which likely exacerbates kelp vulnerability to marine heatwaves in Baja California. We suggest that a two-fold increase in the area of kelp protected by marine reserves is needed to fully protect persistent kelp forests and that conservation of climate-refugia in Baja California should be a priority. Giant kelp forests in the Northeast Pacific Ocean are inadequately represented in marine protected areas, which increases their vulnerability to marine heatwaves, according to a 35-year satellite image time series.
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