摘要：Abstract This paper compares the cost impact of emissions pricing in {NZ} manufacturing with the evidence available for United States, United Kingdom, European Union, Germany, Netherlands and Australia. It is observed that, relative to the comparator economies, a much larger share of {NZ} {GDP} is potentially at risk as a result of emissions pricing (even excluding the direct and indirect effects of agriculture). Possible reasons for this unexpected finding include: dissimilarities in industry structure, applicable emission factors for indirect emissions, level of aggregation at which industries are evaluated across countries and concentration of emissions in a small number of firms/industries. The paper identifies manufacturing activities are most emission intensive in {NZ} and in comparator economies. While some emission intensive activities are common to all examined economies, the food processing cluster is found to be at risk of losing competitiveness only in {NZ} and Australia.
