摘要：From an operational standpoint, the rapid and clear transfer of space environment information from a fore- caster to individuals who must take action based on that information (such as satellite operators, airline industry, and power transmission industry) is paramount. One method to facilitate this process is the creation of simple- to-understand categories, such as the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center scales for geomagnetic storms, solar radiation storms, and radio blackouts (http://www. swpc.noaa.gov/NOAAscales/). Another long-standing example in solar physics is the solar flare classification system, which is used in operations, basic research, and educational activities (http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/info/ glossary.html). The nomenclature of the scale is easy to learn and remember—for example, the strongest flares are X-class (extreme), and the next is M-class (moderate). However, no scale analogous to the flare system has been defined for coronal mass ejections (CMEs): eruptions with speeds less than 500–800km/s are commonly referred to as “slow,” and the rest are called “fast.” The lack of more specific terminology has hindered the effective communi- cation of space weather events. In order to address this issue, the Space Weather Research Center (SWRC) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has created the CME SCORE scale.
