摘要：Previous studies have shown that
P. falciparum parasites in South America have undergone population bottlenecks resulting in clonal lineages that are differentially distributed and that have been responsible for several outbreaks different endemic regions. In this study, we explored the genomic profile of 18
P. falciparum samples collected in the Peruvian Amazon Basin (Loreto) and 6 from the Peruvian North Coast (Tumbes). Our results showed the presence of three subpopulations that matched previously typed lineages in Peru: Bv1 (n = 17), Clonet D (n = 4) and Acre-Loreto type (n = 3). Gene coverage analysis showed that none of the Bv1 samples presented coverage for
pfhrp2 and
pfhrp3. Genotyping of drug resistance markers showed a high prevalence of Chloroquine resistance mutations S1034C/N1042D/D1246Y in
pfmdr1 (62.5%) and K45T in
pfcrt (87.5%). Mutations associated with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine treatment failure were found on 88.8% of the Bv1 samples which were triple mutants for
pfdhfr (50R/51I/108N) and
pfdhps (437G/540E/581G). Analysis of the
pfS47 gene that allows
P. falciparum to evade mosquito immune responses showed that the Bv1 lineage presented one
pfS47 haplotype exclusive to Loreto and another haplotype that was present in both Loreto and Tumbes. Furthermore, a possible expansion of Bv1 was detected since 2011 in Loreto. This replacement could be a result of the high prevalence of CQ resistance polymorphisms in Bv1, which could have provided a selective advantage to the indirect selection pressures driven by the use of CQ for
P. vivax treatment.
