摘要：Over the past 25 years, the use of advanced composite materials in aircraft primary structures has increased significantly. The main requirements are fuel-efficient, lightweight, and high-stiffness structures that have fatigue durability and corrosion resistance. However, there are major differences between metal and composite damage mechanics and durability concerns. Despite the many advantages, composite structural certification becomes challenging due to the lack of experience in large-scale structures, complex failure mechanisms, sensitivity to temperature and moisture, and scatter in the data, especially in fatigue [1 – 3]. Compared to the metal static and fatigue data, composite materials have high data scatter due to their anisotropic heterogeneous characteristics, such as lay-up, manufacturing defects and imperfections, test complications, and environment.
