摘要：Ninety human pharmaceuticals as xenochemi-cals which belong to different therapeutic were in-vestigated in Gölbas1， Azapli and Inekli Lakes， Tur-key. Solid phase extraction and liquid chromatog-raphy tandem mass spectrometry were used to meas-ure residues in lake waters. Only eighteen human pharmaceuticals were identified and quantified be-cause the others could not be detected in these three lakes. Carbamazepine(0.002-0.1l ng/L), lidocaine (0.09-4.83 ng/L)and caffeine(0.50-12.32 ng/L)were the most frequently (%100) detected com-pounds. The detected concentration levels were at low ng/L levels. Five most frequently detected hu-man pharmaceuticals(carbamazepine, citalopram, venlafaxine, lidocaine, caffeine) were selected for the environmental risk assessments. The results sug-gested that environmental risks of human pharma-ceuticals in these lakes are negligible (risk quotient <0.01)because of their relatively low contamination levels. The data obtained will be useful for enriching pollutant investigations and environmental research in freshwater lakes.
