标题：The Influence of Regional and Local Characteristics on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns in Southeast Asia: Literature Review and Discussion
摘要：Sustainable consumption and production (SCP) patterns are inevitably based on human endeavors, including business models and lifestyles. Hence, regional and local characteristics are important factors in identifying SCP patterns and formulating SCP policies; however, SCP policies that originated in developed countries have tended to take a cosmopolitan or context-free position and neglect this aspect. In this study, we reviewed literature about cultural and geographical differences as well as the results of two workshops about SCP in Southeast Asia. We then discussed potential factors that affect SCP patterns and policies in Southeast Asia from a societal (context-dependent) approach. Factors identified include climate and nature, the existence and functions of business and infrastructure, economic growth and regional disparity, policy and regulation, religious rules, the relationship between government and industries, international trade, and people’s cultural mindset (e.g., traditional versus secular, acceptance of inequality, self-expression and cultural context). We proposed a model structure to indicate how regional/local characteristics affect the constituents of consumption and production (CP) patterns (CP preferences and CP enablers) and SCP policies (policy needs and policy preferences). We then suggested CP-related regional/local characteristics and policy-related regional/local characteristics in Southeast Asia, presenting four general points regarding regional/local characteristics: that they are relative; that they are dynamic, historical and highly interrelated among each other; that culturalist approaches make meaningful generalizations difficult, necessitating a context-dependent societal approach; and that local characteristics can have a variety of influences on CP patterns.
关键词：cultural difference;policy design;policy transfer;sustainable consumption and production (SCP);
Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12);sustainable lifestyles
