摘要：SummaryEnergy burden directly influences households' health and safety. Amid a growing literature on energy, poverty and gender remains relatively understudied. We evaluate socioeconomic, geographic, and health factors as multidimensions of concentrated disadvantage that magnify energy burden in the United States over time. We show that the energy burden is more pronounced in disadvantaged counties with larger elderly, impoverished, disabled people, and racialized populations where people do not have health insurance. Neighborhoods with households headed by women of color (especially Black women) are more likely to face a high energy burden, which worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although energy costs are often regarded as an individual responsibility, these findings illustrate the feminization of energy poverty and indicate the need for an intersectional and interdisciplinary framework in devising energy policy directed to households with the most severe energy burden.Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•Energy burden arises from racial, socioeconomic, and spatial stressors•This study shows the local effects of concentrated disadvantage on energy burden•The counties with households headed by Black women have a severe energy burden•Policies to address energy and healthcare issues for low-income areas are neededEnergy resources; Energy policy; Energy systems; Energy management
