标题：Explaining the Gap between Policy and Practice with Luders Contingency Model on the Issues of Misappropriation of Assets and Corruption: In the Perspective of Malaysian Local Authorities
摘要：The main objective of this research is to determine the challenges that fill in as the gap in the execution and implementation of Rule 4(2)(C) of the Public Officers (Conduct and Discipline) (Amendment) Regulations 2009 served in the Malaysian public sector. The rule, specifically incorporates misappropriation of assets and corruption as punitive disciplinary offences to the public sector employees. Nevertheless, misappropriation of assets and corruption incidents remain significant. Being the motivations, by using Agency Theory and Luder’s Contingency Model as background, this research employed a combination of semi-structural interviews and open-ended survey involving 149 Malaysian local authorities. The responses from six semi-structured interviews and 199 open-ended survey were analysed, tabulated and themed, to capture the existing-experiences and being the descriptive data. Eleven main challenges were identified as the main concerning factors vis-à-vis fraud awareness: inefficient leader, attitude, weak enforcement, lack of internal strengths, ineffective training, lack of authority, opportunity due to lack of control, burden of proof due to bureaucracy, favouritism/ excessive discretions, organisational culture, and public perception. The findings also indicated that while participants were aware of corruption and misappropriation of assets occurring in their department, the matters were rarely reported. Subsequently, the perceived wrongdoing experiences of employees had become a blessed daily routine. Wherein the ambit of limitations of this study, the scope and findings contributed to the literature further insights into these holding ongoing matters of the local authorities shenanigans.
关键词：Misappropriation of Assets;Corruption;Local Authorities
