摘要：The objective of this investigation is to discuss qualitatively the different methodological approaches developed to deal with uncertainty in decision making processes. For its preparation were used mainly the analysis of documents, the historical-logical method and the analytical-synthetic method which allowed an assessment of the state of the art in the topic. It was possible to identify that the phenomenon of uncertainty has two natures: one aleatory and other epistemic. Aleatory uncertainty arises from stochastic processes, while epistemic uncertainty is caused by imprecision, ignorance, credibility or incompleteness in the information necessary to make the decision. Aleatory uncertainty is effectively modeled by probability theory, which constitutes the starting point for maximizing expected utility in decision processes. Epistemic uncertainty is modeled, depending on the characteristic of the information, mainly through fuzzy sets theory, rough sets or gray systems. Each of these approaches has its advantages and disadvantages, so in order to take advantage of their strengths, hybrid models have been created. Nowadays, given the need to make more robust decisions, all these theories are being refined by the scientific community because, although uncertainty cannot be completely eliminated they have shown that it can be dealt with effectively.
