摘要：SummaryBecause aberrant network-level functional connectivity underlies a variety of neural disorders, the ability to induce targeted functional reorganization would be a profound development toward therapies for neural disorders. Brain stimulation has been shown to induce large-scale network-wide functional connectivity changes (FCC), but the mapping from stimulation to the induced changes is unclear. Here, we develop a model which jointly considers the stimulation protocol and the cortical network structure to accurately predict network-wide FCC in response to optogenetic stimulation of non-human primate primary sensorimotor cortex. We observe that the network structure has a much stronger effect than the stimulation protocol on the resulting FCC. We also observe that the mappings from these input features to the FCC diverge over frequency bands and successive stimulations. Our framework represents a paradigm shift for targeted neural stimulation and can be used to interrogate, improve, and develop stimulation-based interventions for neural disorders.Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•Optogenetic stimulation drives connectivity changes over sensorimotor cortex•Nonparametric model informed by protocol and network features predicts the changes•The underlying network is the primary mediator of the induced changes•The mappings governing the changes diverge over time and frequency bandsNeuroscience; Network structure
