摘要：While the rice-crayfsh culture (RCFP) model, an important aquaculture model in Asia, is generally considered a sustainable model, its sustainability in terms of microbial community profles has not been evaluated. In this study, multi-kingdom analyses of microbiome profles (i.e., bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotes) were performed using environmental (i.e., water and sediment) and animal gut (i.e., crayfsh and crab gut) microbial samples from the RCFP and other aquaculture models, including the crab-crayfsh co-culture, crayfsh culture, and crab culture models, to evaluate the sustainability of the RCFP systematically. Results showed that RCFP samples are enriched with a distinct set of microbes, including Shewanella, Ferroplasma, Leishmania, and Siphoviridae, when compared with other aquaculture models. Additionally, most microbes in the RCFP samples, especially microbes from diferent kingdoms, were densely and positively connected, which indicates their robustness against environmental stress. Whereas microbes in diferent aquaculture models demonstrated moderate levels of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) across kingdoms, the RCFP showed relatively lower frequencies of HGT events, especially those involving antibiotic resistance genes. Finally, environmental factors, including pH, oxidation–reduction potential, temperature, and total nitrogen, contributed profoundly to shaping the microbial communities in these aquaculture models. Interestingly, compared with other models, the microbial communities of the RCFP model were less infuenced by these environmental factors, which suggests that microbes in the latter have stronger ability to resist environmental stress. The fndings collectively refect the unique multi-kingdom microbial patterns of the RCFP model and suggest that this model is a sustainable model from the perspective of microbiome profles.
关键词：Multi-kingdom;Rice-crayfsh co-culture model;Aquaculture models;Co-occurrence network;Horizontal gene transfer
