标题：Study on the mechanism, mode and Path of College English Teachers Professional Development and Learning Community Construction under the new Situation
期刊名称：International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management
电子版ISSN：2395-5252
出版年度：2022
卷号：4
期号：5
页码：402-407
DOI：10.35629/5252-0405173175
语种：English
出版社：IJAEM JOURNAL
摘要：The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of exchange rate volatility on foreign direct investment in The Gambia. To examine this effect, the Granger causality, Stationary/Unit root tests and Co-integration test techniques were employed on time series data for FDI, current account balance, economic openness, GDP growth rate, inflation rate, interest rate, and real exchange rate volatility from 1982 to 2014 for the Gambia. The exchange rate volatility variable was estimated using the Generalized Autoregressive Condition Heteroscedasticity GARCH (1, 1) approach. The results from this study suggest, among other things, that exchange rate volatility has a negative effect on foreign direct investment flows into the Gambia. In addition, the results from the Granger causality test is bidirectional, which suggests that exchange rate volatility Granger causes foreign direct investment, and vice versa. The paper therefore concludes that government should periodically intervene in the Gambia’s financial markets in order to stabilize real exchange rate and thereby improve FDI flows into the country’s economy.
关键词：Professional Development of College English teachers;Learning community;Construction mechanism;Multiple modes
