摘要：The past two decades have witnessed the significant growth of emerging markets and the rise of emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) (Luo and Tung 2007). While EMNEs have different foreign direct investment (FDI) intentions and strategic objectives compared to developed economy multinational enterprises (DMNEs) (Luo and Tung 2018), less is known about how EMNEs cope with external risks in a volatile global environment. Although EMNEs tend to have higher risk tolerance in host countries compared to DMNEs (Buckley et al. 2018), their rapid and aggressive expansions have triggered risks from both home and host country factors. A variety of risks resulting from political events, economic crises, natural disasters and the COVID-19 pandemic (Zhong et al. 2021b) have made the global economy even more volatile. We aim to bring attention to the approach of EMNEs in coping with turbulent environments during their internationalisations..
