摘要：opics related to the nature of geographic knowledge and the pathway to acquire geographic knowledge have been debated and contested especially during periods of major social and technological change (Harvey 1969; Sayer 1984; Liverman et al. 1998; Sui and Kedron 2021). Tied to these changes has been an oscillation between focuses on phenomenal (declarative) vs. intellectual (primed by cognitive demands) nature of geographic knowledge. Shifting interests in specialities, often triggered by technical innovations in representation and analysis, have constantly changed our views on what is considered as geographic knowledge and challenged our approaches to produce it (Golledge 2002). What remains unchanged is geographers’ continued quest to advance geographic vocabulary, define and examine geographic concepts, and develop spatially explicit theories relating to human, physical environments and their complex interactions. Explorations of interactions between these domains has generated a new interest in advancing general principles and analytical frameworks in geography.
