摘要：SummaryProbiotics have been suggested as one solution to counter detrimental health effects by SARS-CoV-2; however, data so far is scarce. We tested the effect of two probiotic consortia, OL-1 and OL-2, against SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets and assessed their effect on cytokine production and transcriptome in a human monocyte-derived macrophage (Mf) and dendritic cell (DC) model. The results showed that the consortia significantly reduced the viral load, modulated immune response, and regulated viral receptor expression in ferrets compared to placebo. In the human Mf and DC model, OL-1 and OL-2-induced cytokine production and genes related to SARS-CoV-2 antiviral immunity. The study results indicate that probiotic stimulation of the ferret immune system leads to improved antiviral immunity against SARS-COV-2, and the genes and cytokines associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity are stimulated in human immune cellsin vitro. The effect of the consortia against SARS-CoV-2 warrants further investigations in human clinical trials.Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•Probiotic consortia decrease SARS-CoV-2 viral load in ferret nasal washes•Ferret duodenal ACE2 but not inflammation was modulated by the consortia•Immune response genes in duodenum and lungs were induced by probiotics•Probiotic consortia induce antiviral response genes in human immune cellsex vivoImmunology; Virology
