摘要：SummaryTo understand the genomic evolution and adaptation strategies of fungi to subseafloor sedimentary environments, wede novoassembled the genome of Schizophyllum communestrain 20R-7-F01 isolated from ∼2.0 km-deep, ∼20-million years ago (Mya) coal-bearing sediments. Phylogenomics study revealed a differentiation time of 28–73 Mya between this strain and the terrestrial type-strain H4-8, in line with sediment age records. Comparative genome analyses showed that FunK1 protein kinase, NmrA family, and transposons in this strain are significantly expanded, possibly linking to the environmental adaptation and persistence in sediment for over millions of years. Re-sequencing study of 14S. communestrains sampled from different habitats revealed that subseafloor strains have much lower nucleotide diversity, substitution rate, and homologous recombination rate than other strains, reflecting that the growth and/or reproduction of subseafloor strains are extremely slow. Our data provide new insights into the adaptation and long-term survival of the fungi in the subseafloor sedimentary biosphere.Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•The genome of subseafloorSchizophyllum communeis distinct from that of other environmental isolates•The divergence time between strains 20R-7-F01 and H4-8 ofS. communeis 28–73 Mya•S. communeexperiences an evolutionary stasis in the subseafloor environment•DNA repair, transposons, and CAZymes help fungi adapt to the subseafloor environmentGeology; Mycology
