出版社：Grupo de Pesquisa Metodologias em Ensino e Aprendizagem em Ciências
摘要：Clay is a mineral resulting from the breakdown of rocks that contain feldspar, through the action of weathering. This mineral is of great importance for the civil construction segment, as bricks and tiles are obtained through it. The intensive use and exploitation of these natural resources has significantly degraded the environment, and generates environmental impacts such as, for example, alteration of the landscape, formation of lakes, alteration of topography, alteration in the structure and biology of the soil, etc. The municipality of So Miguel do Guamá is a ceramic production hub, and its extraction areas already have several negative impacts, such as siltation of river beds, formation of lakes, changes in topography, among others. Thus, this research aims to make an Environmental Impact Assessment Matrix - MAIA, list the mitigation measures of these impacts, and make a chemical analysis of the pH, Phosphorus, Potassium, Nitrogen, Carbon x Nitrogen, and Organic Carbon parameters; (Yellow Latosol) at the study site. Samples were collected using three trenches, 50x50 cm thick, and layers A, B, C, 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-40 cm. In this sense, it was observed that most of the impacts affect the soil, in addition to these, there were impacts on water and air resources in the region. It is recommended to install woods or vegetation curtains, for soil recovery and mitigation of the impacts of vegetation suppression (erosion); depleted fields can serve as ponds for fish farming. In the analysis of the parameters, attention is given to the Carbon and the Carbon x Nitrogen ratio, which evidenced soil degradation due to the low capacity of organic matter decomposition in the superficial horizon (0-10 cm). Therefore, it was concluded that although the ceramic segment offers employment and income to the population, it is necessary to pay attention to environmental issues, especially with regard to the soil of the extraction site, in order to achieve a more sustainable development in the field.
