出版社：Grupo de Pesquisa Metodologias em Ensino e Aprendizagem em Ciências
摘要：COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infection caused by the potentially severe, highly transmissible, globally distributed SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The search for drugs that have activity on SARS-CoV-2 is a constant challenge without precedent in the validation of effective drugs in the treatment of patients affected by COVID-19. Objective: This integrative review aimed to assess studies in the scientific literature, involving clinical trials that evaluate the efficacy of drugs already available on the market for probable use in the treatment of COVID-19. Methodology: The search was conducted from April 2020 to June 2021 in the PubMed, SciElo and Lilacs databases, using the Health Science Descriptors (DeCS) "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "Drugs", "Trials Clinicals", "Treatments". The criteria for inclusion of articles in the search were those with abstract and text available in full electronically, written in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, published from April 2020 to June 2021, in scientific journals, and that evaluated the efficacy of probable drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 and clinical trials in hospitalized patients with the disease. Articles that did not jointly address the topic of the study, duplicate articles in the databases, review articles, articles based on in vitro / in vivo animal trials, articles based on traditional medicine, editorial type studies and also the reflexive articles were excluded. Results: Of the 210 articles identified, 132 were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria, and 78 articles that aimed to study drug efficacy in international clinical trials were selected for this study. Of these, 67 were in PubMed, 6 in SciELO, and 5 in Lilacs. A total of 49 drugs were analyzed, classified into 22 pharmacological classes. The main classes of drugs in studies were: direct acting antivirals in monotherapy, 8 (16.32%); immunomodulators, 7 (14.28%); immunomodulators + associations, 2 (4.08%); and immunostimulants + associations, 2 (4.08%). Conclusion: The drugs and their associations under study did not show specific therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of COVID-19; however, clinical trials indicated improvement in patients' clinical symptoms and hospital length of stay. However, some drugs showed significant adverse reactions, directly interfering with patient safety.
