摘要：The first photobioreactors were born in the 1950s, and photobioreactors based on microalgae have potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry, food and feed production, environmental engineering, wastewater treatment, and renewable energy. Photobioreactors were first used in pollutant treatment for carbon dioxide sequestration in 1953 at the Carnegie Institute in Washington. Photobioreactors use stable and efficient algae cultivation technology to create an artificial environment that provides all necessary conditions for algae growth such as (light, temperature, nutrients), and these conditions can be controlled and monitored, especially for microalgae cultivation, It is convenient for the rapid, stable and controllable growth of microalgae. Currently, there are many types of microalgae-based photobioreactors in terms of configuration, fabrication materials, and operating modes. It can optimize biomass production, improve the efficiency of pollutant removal, reduce cost and improve space advantage. The most common structures for photobioreactors are flat, columnar and tubular, followed by hoses and hybrid photobioreactors, taking their flexibility and efficacy to a higher level. Each photobioreactor type has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of operation, biomass production, pollutant removal efficiency, and level of upgrade.
