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  • 标题:1990年代以降の米国カリフォルニア州の稲作の変化日本の米輸入とジャポニカ米需要の高まりに絡めて
  • 本地全文:下载
  • 作者:川久保 篤志
  • 期刊名称:地理学評論 Series A
  • 印刷版ISSN:1883-4388
  • 电子版ISSN:2185-1751
  • 出版年度:2017
  • 卷号:90
  • 期号:6
  • 页码:607-624
  • DOI:10.4157/grj.90.607
  • 语种:Japanese
  • 出版社:The Association of Japanese Geographers
  • 摘要:本稿は,GATTウルグアイラウンド合意によって米国からミニマムアクセス米が輸入され始めて20年以上経過した現在の米国の米需給と産地の動向を検討したものである.その結果,対日輸出基地であるカリフォルニア州では,①国内外市場の拡大で史上最高レベルの生産量と収益性を維持していること,②水利条件の制約で現在以上に栽培面積を拡大できないこと,③生産の中心は中粒米で,日本食ブーム下でも短粒米市場は拡大していないこと,④短粒米の中でも日本品種は栽培が難しく低収量なため積極的な栽培はみられないこと,が明らかになった.つまり,現在の米国では米の輸出圧力は小さく,かつ日本市場に合う短粒米の増産は期待できないので,現状の管理貿易の維持が米国にとっても最善の策であると考えられる.
  • 其他摘要:The issue of the imports of US-produced rice, which entered the limelight under the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement in 2015, has been left up in the air by US President Trump’s decision to quit the TPP. However, rice exports remain a pressing need for the USA and are expected to be on the agenda of bilateral negotiations. This paper examines the current trends in the supply of and demand for rice and in rice-producing areas in the USA since the country started exporting rice under the GATT Uruguay Round agreement in 1995.In regions in California that produce rice exported to Japan, the findings were that: 1) Through expansion of domestic and international markets, historically high levels of production and profitability are being maintained. 2) Further expansion of the land area used for rice cultivation would be difficult due to constraints on irrigation. 3) The bulk of rice produced is of the medium-grain variety, and even with the recent Japanese food boom the market for short-grain rice has not expanded. 4) Farmers are reluctant to cultivate Japanese varieties of short-grain rice such as Koshihikari because they give low yields and are difficult to cultivate. Hence, currently in the USA, there is little pressure to export rice, and it is unlikely that the production of short-grain rice suitable for the Japanese market will increase. Therefore, in future US-Japan bilateral negotiations, the expansion of rice import quotas is unnecessary. Maintaining the present rice trade framework will lead to the most favorable outcomes for the USA.
  • 关键词:カリフォルニア州;稲作;サクラメントバレー;栽培品種;対日輸出;日本食ブーム
  • 其他关键词:California;rice growing;Sacramento Valley;rice variety;export to Japan;Japanese food boom
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