标题：From the History of Ensuring the Rights of Prisoners in Prisons of the Russian Empire at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries (based on materials from the Saratov Province)
摘要：The formation of a culture of human rights in the Russian Federation is faced with difficulties, which can be overcome only by relying on an in-depth analysis of the historical development of the concept of human rights in Russian society. An important stage in this development was the turn of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, however, due to the lack of a holistic concept of human rights during this period, changes in ideas about the dignity of an individual, his rights and freedoms were reflected primarily in normative legal acts focused on practical application in specific situations. The system for the execution of punishments, which requires the most detailed regulation of its activities, is an object on the example of which changes in ideas about the personality are especially noticeable. From a historical and legal standpoint, the article reveals the regulation and practice of ensuring the rights of prisoners in Russian penitentiary institutions at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries on the example of the Saratov province, with an emphasis on human rights of the "second generation", which in the second half of the 19th century acquired special relevance in Russia.The article was prepared on the basis of extensive literature, as well as departmental regulations and archival materials, many of which were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The article uses general scientific (analysis, synthesis, dialectical method of scientific knowledge, systems approach) and specific scientific (historical) research methods.It is concluded that this period, despite the specific historical conditions of the socio-economic, managerial and value nature, is characterized by the deepening and development in Russian society of ideas about human rights and the responsibility of the state for their observance.
