摘要：SummaryBoswellia sacraFlueck (family Burseraceae) tree is wounded to produce frankincense. We report itsde novoassembled genome (667.8 Mb) comprising 18,564 high-confidence protein-encoding genes. Comparing conserved single-copy genes across eudicots suggest >97% gene space assembly ofB. sacragenome. Evolutionary history showsB. sacragene-duplications derived from recent paralogous events and retained from ancient hexaploidy shared with other eudicots. The genome indicated a major expansion of Gypsy retroelements in last 2 million years. TheB. sacragenetic diversity showed four clades intermixed with a primary genotype—dominating most resin-productive trees. Further, the stem transcriptome revealed that wounding concurrently activates phytohormones signaling, cell wall fortification, and resin terpenoid biosynthesis pathways leading to the synthesis of boswellic acid—a key chemotaxonomic marker ofBoswellia. The sequence datasets reported here will serve as a foundation to investigate the genetic determinants of frankincense and other resin-producing species in Burseraceae.Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•Assembly and architecture of frankincense producingBoswellia sacraFlueck•Comparative genomics and evolutionary history of frankincense tree within orders•Transcriptome of stem part and gene expression patterns of wounding to the tree•Resin biosynthesis pathway and related CYP450 enzymes and gene familiesEvolutionary biology; Genomics; Plant biology
